PATIENT INFORMATION LEAFLET
Colorectal cancer screening in Alberta
A simple home stool test can help find colorectal cancer early, before symptoms appear.
Reviewed by the Verra Health clinical team · Last reviewed September 2026
What is colorectal cancer screening?
Colorectal cancer affects the colon and rectum, which are parts of the large intestine. Screening looks for early cancer or signs that could lead to cancer, often before you feel unwell. Finding changes early can make treatment more effective.
What is the FIT test?
FIT stands for fecal immunochemical test. It is a private test you complete at home. It checks a small stool sample for hidden blood that may come from a polyp or another change in the bowel. The test is quick, does not require a special diet, and is not painful.
Who should be screened?
- Most people in Alberta aged 50 to 74 who have no symptoms and are at average risk should complete a FIT test every year.
- If you are 75 or older, ask your healthcare provider whether screening is right for you.
- If a parent, sibling, or child has had colorectal cancer or certain polyps, you may need a different plan, often involving colonoscopy at an earlier age.
- A personal history of colorectal cancer, polyps, or inflammatory bowel disease may also require a personalized plan.
How do I complete a FIT test?
- Get a FIT kit from a participating lab, healthcare provider, or through the Alberta screening program if you are eligible.
- Read the kit instructions before starting. You usually do not need to change your diet or stop medications.
- Use the collection stick to take a small sample from your stool and place it in the tube.
- Label and return the kit as instructed. Follow the kit’s timing and storage directions carefully.
What do the results mean?
Negative FIT: No hidden blood was detected. This lowers the chance that colorectal cancer is present, but no screening test is perfect. Repeat screening when it is due.
Positive FIT: Blood was detected. This does not mean you have cancer, but you need follow-up—usually a colonoscopy—to find the source. Make sure your healthcare provider has a way to contact you and complete the recommended follow-up.
Frequently asked questions
What is a FIT test?
FIT stands for fecal immunochemical test. It is a home stool test that checks for tiny amounts of blood that cannot usually be seen. You collect one small sample and return it to the lab according to the kit instructions.
How often should I do the FIT test in Alberta?
For average-risk Albertans aged 50 to 74 who do not have symptoms or a first-degree family history of colorectal cancer, the current Alberta program recommends FIT every year.
Does a positive FIT mean I have cancer?
No. Blood in the stool can have several causes. A positive FIT means more investigation is needed, usually with a colonoscopy, to find the source of the bleeding.
Can I use a FIT test if I have bowel symptoms?
FIT is a screening test for people without symptoms. Contact a healthcare provider promptly about rectal bleeding, a persistent change in bowel habits, unexplained weight loss, ongoing abdominal pain, or unusual tiredness.
Arrange screening
Ask your family doctor, nurse practitioner, or laboratory about colorectal cancer screening. Eligible Albertans can also learn more or order a FIT kit through Screening For Life.
Trusted information
- Alberta Colorectal Cancer Screening Program
- Screening For Life: order a free FIT kit
- Canadian Cancer Society: colorectal cancer screening
This leaflet is for general education and does not replace individualized medical advice.