Contraception & Birth Control

Choosing the right birth control

There are many safe and effective contraception options available. The “best” method depends on several factors, including your health history, age, smoking status, bleeding patterns, convenience, plans for future pregnancy, and whether you prefer a daily method or a longer-acting option.

Some birth control methods may also help reduce heavy periods, painful periods, acne, menstrual migraines, and symptoms related to conditions such as endometriosis or polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS).

Combined oral contraceptive pill (COC)

Combined birth control pills contain both estrogen and progesterone. They are commonly used to prevent pregnancy, regulate menstrual cycles, reduce cramping, and improve acne. The pill works best when taken consistently every day.

Common side effects during the first few months may include nausea, breast tenderness, spotting, headaches, or mood changes. In some patients, estrogen-containing contraception may slightly increase the risk of blood clots, stroke, or high blood pressure. Patients who smoke, have migraine with aura, certain cardiovascular conditions, or a history of blood clots may require alternative options.

Progestin-only pill (POP / Minipill)

The progestin-only pill contains progesterone without estrogen. It is often used when estrogen should be avoided, including during breastfeeding or in patients with certain medical risk factors. Irregular bleeding or spotting is common, especially during the first months. Consistent timing is important for effectiveness.

Contraceptive implant

The contraceptive implant is a small hormone-containing rod inserted under the skin of the upper arm. It is one of the most effective reversible contraception methods available and works for several years. Common side effects include irregular bleeding, spotting, or changes in menstrual patterns.

Contraceptive injection (Depo-Provera)

The contraceptive injection is given every 3 months. Some patients experience lighter periods or no periods at all over time. Possible side effects may include irregular bleeding, weight changes, headaches, mood changes, and delayed return to fertility after stopping the medication. Long-term use may also affect bone density in some patients.

Intrauterine devices (IUDs)

IUDs are highly effective long-acting reversible contraceptive devices placed inside the uterus. Hormonal IUDs may reduce menstrual bleeding and cramping, while copper IUDs are hormone-free. Many patients choose IUDs because they are low maintenance and long lasting.

Important things to remember

• No birth control method is perfect for everyone.
• Condoms remain important for protection against sexually transmitted infections (STIs).
• Some medications may reduce birth control effectiveness.
• Missing pills increases pregnancy risk.
• Side effects often improve after the first few months.
• Long-acting methods are among the most effective options.

Seek medical attention urgently if you develop

• Chest pain or shortness of breath.
• Severe headaches or vision changes.
• Leg swelling or calf pain.
• Severe abdominal or pelvic pain.
• Heavy or prolonged bleeding.

Recommended resources

The above resources are provided by trusted third-party organizations and curated by Verra Health Clinic for patient education.

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