PATIENT INFORMATION LEAFLET
Mammograms and breast cancer screening in Alberta
A mammogram can help find breast cancer early, sometimes before a lump can be felt.
Reviewed by the Verra Health clinical team · Last reviewed September 2026
What is a mammogram?
A mammogram is a low-dose X-ray of the breasts. It creates images that can show small lumps or other changes before they can be felt. Screening mammograms are for people who do not have breast symptoms. If you have a new breast concern, you may need diagnostic imaging instead.
Why is screening important?
Breast cancer does not always cause symptoms in its early stages. Regular screening can find some cancers earlier, when treatment may be easier and more effective. A mammogram cannot prevent breast cancer and does not find every cancer, but it is the best available screening test for many people at average risk.
Who should have a screening mammogram?
- Average-risk women and eligible trans, gender-diverse, and non-binary people aged 45 to 74: generally every 2 years.
- Ages 40 to 44: discuss the benefits and limitations with a healthcare provider; a referral is required for the first screening mammogram.
- Age 75 and older: discuss whether continuing screening is right for you.
- If you have a strong family history, a known gene mutation, a personal history of breast cancer, or prior chest radiation, you may need earlier or additional screening.
What happens during a mammogram?
- You will undress from the waist up and stand in front of the mammogram machine.
- The technologist positions one breast at a time between two plates.
- The plates gently compress the breast for a few seconds while an image is taken. Usually, two images are taken of each breast.
- The technologist checks that the images are clear. The appointment usually takes about 20 minutes.
How can I prepare?
- Wear a two-piece outfit so you only need to remove clothing from the waist up.
- Do not use deodorant, antiperspirant, powder, lotion, or cream on your breasts or underarms on the day of the test.
- Tell the clinic if you are pregnant, breastfeeding, have breast implants, or have had previous breast procedures.
- If you have had mammograms elsewhere, ask for the images to be sent to the new clinic for comparison.
What happens after the mammogram?
Most screening mammograms do not show cancer. Sometimes the clinic asks for more images or an ultrasound because an area needs a closer look. This does not automatically mean cancer. If something suspicious is found, your healthcare team will explain the next steps, which may include a biopsy.
Frequently asked questions
Does a mammogram hurt?
Your breasts are gently compressed for a few seconds while images are taken. This can feel uncomfortable, but it should not be unbearable. Tell the technologist if you need a pause or adjustment.
How often should I have a mammogram in Alberta?
For average-risk women and eligible people aged 45 to 74, screening mammography is generally recommended every 2 years. Your healthcare provider may recommend a different plan based on your risk and health history.
Can I wear deodorant to a mammogram?
Avoid deodorant, antiperspirant, powder, lotion, or cream on your breasts or underarms on the day of the appointment. Some products can show up on the images and make them harder to interpret.
What if I find a lump or notice a breast change?
Do not wait for a routine screening appointment. Contact a healthcare provider promptly so the change can be assessed. You may need diagnostic imaging rather than a routine screening mammogram.
Arrange screening
For Alberta screening information and locations, visit Screening For Life. You can also ask your healthcare provider about your personal screening plan.
Trusted information
- Alberta Breast Cancer Screening Program
- Screening For Life: Screen Test
- Canadian Cancer Society: when to have a mammogram
This leaflet is for general education and does not replace individualized medical advice.